ICSE / ISC (Class 8-12) Self Study

Kinetic theory explanation of the three states

SI units, density and relative density

Types of forces, turning effect and moment

Forms of energy and inter-conversion

Reflection at plane and spherical mirrors

Conduction, convection, radiation and thermal expansion

Characteristics, production and propagation

Simple circuits, conductors and insulators

Particulate nature and inter-particle forces

Distinguishing characteristics with examples

Symbols, valency and formula writing

Sub-atomic particles and electron arrangement

Writing and balancing equations

Types: combination, decomposition, displacement

Preparation, properties and uses

Hardness of water and its removal

Root pressure, transpiration pull and phloem transport

Asexual and sexual modes with examples

Biotic and abiotic components, food chains

Major endocrine glands and hormones

Communicable and non-communicable diseases

Crop improvement, manures and fertilisers

Properties and operations on rational numbers

Patterns and shortcut methods

Standard identities and expansions

Solving and verifying solutions

Discount, tax and successive percentage

Identify the relation before solving

Properties of quadrilaterals and polygons

Area of plane figures and surface area of solids

Frequency tables, bar graphs, pie charts

Locate answers with keyword scanning

Match the tense with time markers

Plan before writing: intro, body, conclusion

Formal and informal letter formats

Theme, characters and message

Renaissance, Reformation and Industrial Revolution

Establishment of British power

Causes, course and consequences

Formation of Congress and early leaders

Parliament structure and law-making

Supreme Court, High Courts and subordinate courts

Types, conservation and sustainable use

Soil types, erosion and conservation

Forest types and conservation programmes

Types of farming and major crops

Distribution, density and composition

Locating physical and political features

Binary, octal, hexadecimal conversion

Input, output, storage and processing devices

Variables, data types and operators

if-else and switch decision structures

Formulas, functions and charts

Safe browsing and digital footprint

Vernier callipers and screw gauge least count

Distance-time, velocity-time graphs

Newton's laws, inertia and momentum

Thrust, pressure, buoyancy and Archimedes' principle

Specific heat capacity and calorimetry

Laws of reflection, spherical mirrors

Wave characteristics, echo and reverberation

Ohm's law, circuits and household wiring

Formulae, valency and balancing equations

Types of reactions and energy changes

Water as a universal solvent, hardness and softening

Bohr's model and electronic configuration

Mendeleev vs Modern periodic law

Preparation, properties and uses

Boyle's and Charles's laws with numericals

Acid rain, ozone depletion and greenhouse effect

Cell organelles and their functions

Meristematic and permanent tissues

Classification and binomial nomenclature

Osmosis, diffusion, photosynthesis experiments

Skeletal, digestive and circulatory systems

Pathogens, vectors and disease prevention

Types of waste and disposal methods

Decimal expansions and rationalisation

Formula-based and instalment problems

Standard identities and grouping

Substitution, elimination and cross-multiplication

Laws of indices and logarithms

Congruence criteria and inequalities

Properties of quadrilaterals

Plotting points and graphing linear equations

Area of triangles by Heron's formula

Ratios of standard angles and identities

Tabulation, graphs and mean of ungrouped data

Inference, tone and vocabulary questions

Editing and transformation of sentences

Narrative, descriptive and argumentative essays

Formal and informal letter conventions

Character, plot and theme analysis

Poetic devices, imagery and central idea

Town planning, society and economy

Teachings and spread

Cultural achievements

Renaissance, Reformation and Industrial Revolution

Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties

Election process and Election Commission

Latitude, longitude and time calculation

Rock types and rock cycle

Agents of denudation

Layers of the atmosphere

Types of rainfall and cloud forms

Characteristics of major natural regions

Class, object, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism

Data types, variables, operators and expressions

if-else and switch-case

for, while, do-while loops

Designing star and number patterns

Wrapper classes and Scanner input

Moment of force and principle of moments

Levers, pulleys, MA, VR and efficiency

Laws of refraction, TIR and critical angle

Lens formula, magnification and power

Dispersion, electromagnetic spectrum and scattering

Vibrations, resonance and characteristics of sound

Ohm's law, resistance combinations and EMF

Magnetic effect of current, motor and generator

Specific and latent heat numericals

Alpha, beta and gamma emissions

Trends in period and group

Ionic, covalent and coordinate bond formation

pH, indicators and salt types

Action of NaOH and NH₄OH on metallic salt solutions

Gay-Lussac's law and Avogadro's law

Electrolytes, ionisation and electrode reactions

Ore concentration, extraction and refining of aluminium

Preparation, properties and tests

Homologous series, IUPAC naming and isomerism

Mitosis and meiosis phases

Mendel's laws, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses

Osmosis, root pressure and water potential

Light and dark reactions

Heart structure, blood vessels and blood composition

Nephron structure and urine formation

Major hormones and their effects

Growth, control measures and demography

Types, causes and control of pollution

GST computation for intra/inter state

Nominal vs market value

Solution sets on the number line

Factorisation and quadratic formula

Componendo-dividendo

Order, addition, subtraction and multiplication

nth term and sum formulas

Section, midpoint and slope

Similar triangle criteria and area ratios

Angle properties and cyclic quadrilaterals

Surface area and volume combinations

Proving identities systematically

Mean, median, mode and ogive

Answer in your own words with textual support

Sentence transformation rules

Essay planning: introduction, arguments, conclusion

Format marks are guaranteed marks

Plot, characters, theme and message

Poetic devices, mood and central idea

Act-wise summary and character analysis

Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, powers and law making

President, Vice-President, PM and Council of Ministers

Supreme Court, High Court and subordinate courts

Causes, course and consequences

Moderates vs assertives

Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, Quit India

Cabinet Mission, Mountbatten Plan

Causes, events and consequences

Organs of the UN and agencies

Locating physical, climatic and economic features

Physiographic divisions

Monsoon mechanism and seasons

Soil types, erosion and conservation

Sources, means of irrigation and rainwater harvesting

Distribution of iron, coal, petroleum

Cropping seasons and major crops

Agro-based and mineral-based industries

Road, rail, water and air transport

Objects, class members and access specifiers

Method signature, overloading and return types

Default and parameterised constructors

Math class methods

String methods and comparison

Single and double dimensional arrays

Scanner class methods

Dimensional analysis and error analysis

Motion in one and two dimensions

FBD, friction and circular dynamics

Work-energy theorem and potential energy

Centre of mass and moment of inertia

Universal law, orbital and escape velocity

Elasticity, fluid mechanics and surface tension

Calorimetry, heat transfer and laws of thermodynamics

Gas laws and kinetic interpretation

SHM analysis and energy

Mole concept and stoichiometric calculations

Quantum mechanical model and quantum numbers

Modern periodic law and trends

VSEPR, hybridisation, MOT

Gas laws and van der Waals equation

First law, enthalpy and Gibbs energy

Oxidation number and balancing

Group trends and diagonal relationships

Nomenclature, isomerism and electronic effects

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatics

Taxonomy, nomenclature and five kingdoms

Root, stem, leaf anatomy and modifications

Organelles, cell membrane and cell wall

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Transport, mineral nutrition and photosynthesis

Digestion, respiration and circulation

Excretion, locomotion, neural and chemical coordination

Operations, types and graphs

Identities and general solutions

Argand plane and polar form

Counting principles and restrictions

AP, GP, HP and special series

Slope, forms and family of lines

Coordinates, distance and direction ratios

Standard limits and continuity idea

Measures of dispersion

Statements, connectives and validity

Précis reduces to one-third with no new ideas

Structure the argument with evidence

Formal register and correct format

Tense consistency, modals and clauses

Character motivation and theme analysis

Imagery, tone and poetic devices

Laws, De Morgan's theorems and minterms

Basic, universal and derived gates

Data types, operators and control structures

Class design, constructors and access modifiers

1D/2D arrays with searching and sorting

Base case discipline in recursion

Coulomb's law, Gauss's law and dipole

Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's rules and internal resistance

Biot-Savart and Ampere's law

Faraday-Lenz laws and inductance

Maxwell's idea and displacement current

Mirror-lens formula, prism and TIR

Interference, diffraction and polarisation

Photoelectric equation

Bohr model and spectral series

Semiconductors, diodes and transistors

Unit cells, packing efficiency and density calculation

Raoult's law and deviations

Nernst equation, conductance and Kohlrausch law

Rate law, order and half-life

Adsorption, catalysis and colloids

Group anomalies and oxidation states

Nomenclature, isomerism, VBT and CFT

SN1/SN2, acidity order and named reactions

Nucleophilic addition mechanisms

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

Double fertilisation and embryo development

Contraceptive methods and STDs

Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance

Replication, transcription and translation

Theories and evidences

Immunity, pathogens and lifestyle diseases

rDNA technology tools and steps

Population interactions and growth

Patterns, loss and conservation strategies

Types, composition and invertibility

Principal values and identities

Inverse by adjoint and elementary operations

Piecewise continuity checks

Increasing-decreasing and maxima-minima

Standard forms and definite properties

Variable separable, homogeneous, linear

Products and their applications

Conditional probability, Bayes theorem

Feasible region and optimisation

Summary within word limit and in own words

Balanced structure with clear thesis

Format and register accuracy

Common transformation types

Act-wise analysis, themes and characters

Central ideas, symbolism and devices

K-map simplification (SOP and POS)

Half/full adder and decoders

Recursion, arrays and strings

Inheritance types, polymorphism, abstraction

Push-pop, enqueue-dequeue operations

try-catch-finally and custom exceptions